F. Kilicheva - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The article is devoted to the problem of using the technology of critical thinking in the process of teaching Russian to students of technical universities. A specialist who has critical thinking skills can work with the necessary information, set clear goals and develop optimal ways to achieve them. Such a specialist has independent thinking and is ready for professional self-realization. Keywords: critical thinking, group form of training, teaching technology, learning process, methodological technique, stages of formation of critical thinking, active methods, interactive methods.

M.Inoyatova - PhD student “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This article analyzes the basics of improving the economic and environmental mechanisms for regulating the use of land and water resources in agriculture on the example of Surkhandarya region. The article also provides general information on the total area of agricultural land and total arable land in the region, as well as the area of land where agro-clusters and farms operate in the region. Keywords: agriculture, land and water resources, agricultural lands, Surkhandarya region, agricultural strategy.

Sh.Sherkabilov - Independent researcher of “TIIAME” National Research University Abstract The article evaluates the role of potato farming in ensuring food security, identifies existing problems as well as positive situations achieved as a result of structural reforms in the system. Also, the methodological approach recommended by the researcher to assess the impact of import of potato seeds on the development of the sector, which is considered as one of the current issues in the system, was reflected. Keywords: food security, potato production, consumption ration, import, import load, import growth rate, dependency coefficient, integral coefficient, region.

M.Kholikulov - PhD student, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the trends in this sector, highlighting the shift diverse crops, driven by the need for food security and enhanced export revenues. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study examines the formation of agricultural clusters, technological innovations, and the impact of liberalized agricultural policies. Despite notable progress, challenges such as water scarcity, climate change, and infrastructure limitations persist. The study concludes with recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices, increased investment in research and development, strengthening value chains, and expanding market access to ensure continued growth and sustainability in Uzbekistan's fruit and vegetable production sector. Keywords: Fruit and vegetable production, Uzbekistan, agricultural trends, export dynamics, regional variations, agricultural policy, market access, sustainable agriculture, water scarcity, climate change, infrastructure, logistics.

S.R. Umarov- Tashkent Institute of Engineers Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization National Research University, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Economics; N.J. Mamanazarova, Kh.N Mirjamilova - Assistants teacher of University of economy and pedagogy. Abstract Measures to ensure high standards of agriculture, improve soil fertility, and increase crop yield are an important part of the system of rational tillage, which improves its air, water, heat, and nutrient regimes, regulates biological processes, and the rate of mineralization of organic matter at the required level. Consequently, it destroys weeds, diseases and pests of agricultural plants. At the same time, conditions are created for soil erosion protection and quality planting. The history of agricultural development goes back to the distant past, about 10-15 million years, and is closely related to the moldboard system of soil cultivation. Tillage is the most energy-intensive and economically expensive process in agricultural production. On average, 40% of the total volume of field work is energy and 25% labor costs. In this case, each method of tillage should be reasonable, the profitability of costs should be maximum. Keywords: soil, soil fertility, water, mineralization, plant, moisture, soil erosion, crops, weeds, herbicides, field work, vegetative weeds, "conservative" agriculture, diversity of microflora, plowing, agrochemicals and fertilizers.