F. Kilicheva - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The article is devoted to the problem of using the technology of critical thinking in the process of teaching Russian to students of technical universities. A specialist who has critical thinking skills can work with the necessary information, set clear goals and develop optimal ways to achieve them. Such a specialist has independent thinking and is ready for professional self-realization. Keywords: critical thinking, group form of training, teaching technology, learning process, methodological technique, stages of formation of critical thinking, active methods, interactive methods.

M.Inoyatova - PhD student “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This article analyzes the basics of improving the economic and environmental mechanisms for regulating the use of land and water resources in agriculture on the example of Surkhandarya region. The article also provides general information on the total area of agricultural land and total arable land in the region, as well as the area of land where agro-clusters and farms operate in the region. Keywords: agriculture, land and water resources, agricultural lands, Surkhandarya region, agricultural strategy.

Sh.Sherkabilov - Independent researcher of “TIIAME” National Research University Abstract The article evaluates the role of potato farming in ensuring food security, identifies existing problems as well as positive situations achieved as a result of structural reforms in the system. Also, the methodological approach recommended by the researcher to assess the impact of import of potato seeds on the development of the sector, which is considered as one of the current issues in the system, was reflected. Keywords: food security, potato production, consumption ration, import, import load, import growth rate, dependency coefficient, integral coefficient, region.

M.Kholikulov - PhD student, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the trends in this sector, highlighting the shift diverse crops, driven by the need for food security and enhanced export revenues. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study examines the formation of agricultural clusters, technological innovations, and the impact of liberalized agricultural policies. Despite notable progress, challenges such as water scarcity, climate change, and infrastructure limitations persist. The study concludes with recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices, increased investment in research and development, strengthening value chains, and expanding market access to ensure continued growth and sustainability in Uzbekistan's fruit and vegetable production sector. Keywords: Fruit and vegetable production, Uzbekistan, agricultural trends, export dynamics, regional variations, agricultural policy, market access, sustainable agriculture, water scarcity, climate change, infrastructure, logistics.

S.R. Umarov- Tashkent Institute of Engineers Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization National Research University, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Economics; N.J. Mamanazarova, Kh.N Mirjamilova - Assistants teacher of University of economy and pedagogy. Abstract Measures to ensure high standards of agriculture, improve soil fertility, and increase crop yield are an important part of the system of rational tillage, which improves its air, water, heat, and nutrient regimes, regulates biological processes, and the rate of mineralization of organic matter at the required level. Consequently, it destroys weeds, diseases and pests of agricultural plants. At the same time, conditions are created for soil erosion protection and quality planting. The history of agricultural development goes back to the distant past, about 10-15 million years, and is closely related to the moldboard system of soil cultivation. Tillage is the most energy-intensive and economically expensive process in agricultural production. On average, 40% of the total volume of field work is energy and 25% labor costs. In this case, each method of tillage should be reasonable, the profitability of costs should be maximum. Keywords: soil, soil fertility, water, mineralization, plant, moisture, soil erosion, crops, weeds, herbicides, field work, vegetative weeds, "conservative" agriculture, diversity of microflora, plowing, agrochemicals and fertilizers.

Z.Shodmonov – MBA, Banking and Finance Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan Abstract Many studies have been conducted on the scientific basis of Islamic finance, the role of this financial sector in the banking and financial system of the world countries, its development trend and future forecasting, and these works are being continued intensively. The research also explores issues such as strengthening the global share of the Islamic finance sector and leveraging its full potential and increasing its assets. In the development of Islamic finance in the world, it is necessary to conduct scientific research on the regulation and coordination of all issues related to this topic, as well as to study the level of influence of this system on the world economic development on a large scale. The Islamic banking system was founded in the 1970s. In a short time, it has become an integrated mechanism that can fully compete with commercial banks. Unlike commercial banks, Islamic banks attract entrepreneurs and businessmen through a profit and loss sharing system (credit system). This system attracted not only Muslims but also representatives of other religions with its fairness and low level of financial crisis. In recent years, the total assets of Islamic financial institutions have grown by 15-20% per year and reached 2.5 trillion dollars. Therefore, it is important to attract funds from existing banks, investment funds and companies based on Islamic finance in developed countries in order to support the private sector and socio-economic development of Uzbekistan. Keywords: commercial banking, Islamic banking system, traditional banking services, mudoraba, resource, partnership, diversification, Islamic principles.

M.Qobulova - Senior teacher of Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies Abstract The article describes the assessment of personnel potential in the development of agro clusters. As a result of the analysis, effective use of personnel skills depends on the successful operation of agro cluster enterprises, the joint activity of those working in them gives high results, their qualifications, professional training and educational level, the working and living conditions of workers, and the satisfaction of their material and spiritual needs. Keywords: integration, labor resources, labor productivity, production, cluster, agriculture, strategy, industry development, labor potential, labor efficiency, labor consumption.

O.Shermatov - Associate Professor, Ph.D. Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies Abstract In this article are analyzed the factors of further development and economic efficiency of the system of providing the population of our country with food, including fruits and vegetables, based on improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the fruit and vegetable system. Keywords: economic mechanism, organizational mechanism, organizational and economic mechanism, agriculture, food security, horticultural system, farming, market infrastructure.

I.Yunusov – PhD, Associate Professor, TIIAME National Research University Abstract According to research, one of the important directions for increasing the place and importance of the fishing industry in the national economy of the country, providing the population with fish and fish products, ensuring the effective use of existing and developing resources is the creation of the fish farming infrastructure taking into account the requirements and standards of the time and improving its effective operation. Forming the infrastructure of the fish farming sector and improving its activities is a multifaceted and relatively labor-intensive task, as well as material and financial resources. One of the important places in the infrastructure system of the fish farming sector is occupied by scientific research and scientific support for the development of the industry. From this point of view, in our opinion, it is advisable to resolve these issues based on foreign experience. This article highlights foreign experience in the formation and development of infrastructure in the fish farming sector, and provides relevant conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: foreign experience, infrastructure, fish and fish products, consulting, fishing equipment, machinery and technology, modernization of fishing vessels and drilling rigs, scientific services, etc.

D.Islamova, S.Abdusalomov - Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies Abstract This article provides a comprehensive overview of the global significance of potatoes as a staple food, highlighting their importance in agriculture and food production. It also examines measures taken to support potato producers and explores the potential for profitable agribusiness. The article delves into the scientific principles and renowned scientists involved in potato growing, as well as strategies for increasing food production in various regions of Uzbekistan. Overall, it offers valuable insights into the vital role of potatoes in the global food industry and their impact on agricultural economies. Also The article analyzes the role and importance of the potato industry in the agriculture of our country today, as well as issues of increasing the efficiency of the potato production system, and develops the necessary opinions. Keywords: strategic food products, profitable agribusiness, seed potatoes, food security, potato growing system, economic system of potato growing, innovation, ways to improve efficiency, biological properties of potatoes.

Sh.Murodov – PhD, Associate Professor, Sh.Muhammadjonov – 1st year master student, TIIAME National Research University Abstract In the article were considered the transaction, its types and transaction costs in agriculture. It has been shown, that the lack of adequate market institutions of outsourcing hampers efficient development cooperation. Institutional theoretical, methodological and methodical approaches to the justification of the efficiency of agricultural cooperation are systematized. Keywords: agricultural complex, transaction costs, outsourcing, cooperation, specialization and concentration of production.

O.Sattorov, PhD, Associate Professor, TIIAME NRU Abstract In this article trends and changes of development of a savdovodstvo and intensive gardening in the region and in the country in general are considered. Are submitted the analysis of the current state of the areas of gardening and their change. The recommendations of an irpedlozheniye about improvement of gardening in the Kashkadarya region and the republic are given. Keywords: Gross revenue, intensive, farm, construction, productivity.

Sh.Murodov – PhD, Associate Professor, G.Arifhanova – 1st year master student, TIIAME National Research University Abstract The article substantiates the important role of tourism in the development of the economy of the country and its regions, and proves the need to create competitive, demanded and affordable tourist products. The need for a high-quality and effective assessment of the tourism potential of the region is shown, which is the basis and prerequisite for planning and optimizing the spatial and economic organization of territorial tourist complexes. The necessity of a comprehensive assessment of the region's tourist resources, which are the basis for the development of its tourist potential, has been substantiated. The analysis of existing approaches to assessing the tourism potential of the region is carried out and their shortcomings are revealed. It is proposed to carry out a systematic analysis of the components of the tourism potential of the region. To assess the tourist potential of the region, it is proposed to take into account an additional parameter – the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the room stock of accommodation facilities in the region. Keywords: tourism potential of the region, regional tourism, system analysis, tourism industry, assessment of tourism potential.

U.Sangirova PhD, Z.Pardayeva 2nd year student of "Economics" faculty, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract As humanity today approaches consumption more consciously, it is becoming important for many to understand how the things they purchase are made. As a rule, when purchasing, people give preference to several factors: high quality and long service life of an item, an environmentally friendly production process, and the absence of chemicals and special additives. Let us immediately note that flax is the personification of all the above conditions. The article reveals the factors that determine the positions and motivation of farmers for growing crops, the main of which are high economic effect, the versatility of using processed products in many industries, a source of biologically active substances necessary for functional nutrition and maintaining human health, feeding farm animals and poultry. and etc. Keywords: flax, ecology, chemistry, production, industry, oil flax, seeds, oil, manufacturers, production market, export, import, planting area, yield, gross harvest, selling price.

B.Raxmonova - Associate Professor of the Department of Economics (PhD), Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies Abstract The article discusses ways to increase economic efficiency in the walnut industry in innovative ways and the results of reforms implemented in this area. As a result of the analysis, a comparison was made on the basis that the intensive method is more efficient in terms of income per hectare of land, even when the lowest level of productivity and product prices are calculated at prices 25-30 percent lower than retail prices. Keywords: walnut production, intensive method, economic efficiency, cost, profit, profitability.

Sh.Murodov – PhD, Associate professor, A.Mamasadikov – senior teacher, TIIAME National Research University Abstract Our country is implementing comprehensive measures to develop markets for agricultural products, agricultural resources and agricultural services, which allow us to develop agriculture and ensure the country’s food security. Particular attention is paid to the use of modern technologies in increasing agricultural production, creating intensive gardens, comprehensive support for diversified farms, and establishing the production of export products. If we pay attention to the features of the formation of common markets in our republic, although the process of integration with the external market can theoretically accelerate the arrival of relatively cheap resources and services in the agricultural sector and expand the possibilities of creating a competitive environment, this process can take a lot of time. Because integration between industries at different levels of economic and technological development is difficult, and even if it happens, the markets of countries based on technologically advanced modern production technologies will have a clear advantage. Keywords: theoretical foundations, global agricultural, agricultural products market, export, production process composition, development criteria and indicators of security.

B.Nosirov – Associate professor, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan Abstract The quality of livestock products in Uzbekistan plays a pivotal role in the development of livestock. From dairy to meat and wool, the quality of these products not only affects the nation's economy but also the well-being of its citizens. In this article, we will explore the significance of livestock quality as a key development factor in livestock of Uzbekistan. The production process of livestock products consists of clear, significantly different, and therefore strongly interrelated stages, which requires the creation and coordination of a comprehensive system of factors for the effective development of this industry. This field is interrelated, which embodies the technical, technological, biological, organizational, economic, social, political and legal directions of scientific and technical development, serves to increase the efficiency and quality of production of livestock products at various stages of the production process. And will have a tendency to develop as a result of the influence of important factors and their rational use. Keywords: animal husbandry, cattle breeding, livestock, product quality, feed unit, diet, breeding, selection, milk, economic efficiency, cost, profitability.

U.Alimov - PhD, Associate professor of “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The article describes the ways of improving the forms of management in agriculture. The specific features of the cluster system, which is one of the forms of modern management in agriculture, are analyzed. In 2017-2021, the cluster system was widely introduced to all areas of agriculture, and as of 2022, 463 agroclusters are operating. The article describes the significance of clusters based on the "Triple Helix Model" in the agricultural sector. Keywords: cluster, model, system, state, business, science, Triple Helix Model.

Sh.Murodov – PhD, Associate Professor, TIIAME National Research University Abstract This paper reviews new developments in high-tech greenhouse horticulture. It will focus on sensors, energy solutions, covering materials, production technology and robotics. Driving forces for new technologies are identified and Dutch greenhouse crop production is used as an example. Sensors are introduced in horticulture using the latest techniques from medical and industrial research. A 3D volumetric intersection technique is used to sort tomato seedlings at a speed of 40.000 pieces per hour and measures the full 3D geometric features, which is clearly an impossible challenge when done manually. Keywords : agriculture, agro-industrial complex, innovation, technology, innovation activity, innovation process.

F.Ahrorov, PhD, Associate professor, Samarkand branch of Tashkent State University of Economics Abstract This paper examines the impact of agricultural reforms on the structure, methods, and sustainability of agricultural production, with a focus on the Samarkand region. Despite the reforms' success in achieving food security and propelling the nation towards self-sufficiency, they have also led to the degradation of agricultural lands due to intensive farming practices and prioritization of strategic crops. The paper discusses the significance of adopting eco-friendly practices and an adaptive framework for agricultural management to revitalize land quality and promote sustainable resource utilization. Through a comprehensive analysis using the Tobit model, descriptive statistics, and marginal analysis, the study explores consumer behavior towards organic products and the factors influencing their demand, based on primary data collected from the population of the Samarkand region. Results indicate a substantial expansion in areas certified under the international Good Agricultural Practices standard (Global GAP) and a shift towards organic farming, reflecting a commitment to sustainable agriculture and enhanced market competitiveness. The study identifies price, appearance, origin, packaging, and product size as significant determinants of organic food purchasing behavior, along with demographic influences. The findings offer crucial insights for developing targeted strategies to bolster the demand for organic products, highlighting the role of product characteristics and demographic factors in shaping consumer preferences. This research contributes to the literature on sustainable agriculture and consumer behavior, providing valuable perspectives for stakeholders in the organic food sector to drive the organic movement forward. Keywords: organic farming, sustainable agriculture, eco-friendly practices, consumer demand, Tobit model.