U.Sadullaev - Researcher at the International Center for Strategic Development and Research in Food and Agriculture, PhD Abstract: In this article, the object of the introduction of an effective system of growing and selling nuts in the country, the circumstances of its development, the factors affecting it have been investigated and proposals on improving the system of growing and selling nuts have been developed. Keywords: nuts, sales, marketing, growing volume, private marketing centers, factors, necessity.

Sh.M.Murodov – PhD, Associate Professor, TIIAME National Research University Abstract: This article highlights the main directions of development, implementation and the main problems of digitalization of agriculture in the countries of the world, in particular, agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the modern conditions of the spread of Coronavirus and self-isolation. In addition, current data and a comparative analysis of digital technologies introduced into the agricultural sector are provided. Some suggestions were made for the development and implementation of digital technologies in the agricultural sector. Keywords: digitalization, agro-industrial complex, agriculture, neural network technologies, artificial intelligence, innovative development, productivity

U.Sadullaev - PhD, Researcher at the International Center for Strategic Development and Research in Food and Agriculture. Abstract: This article provides a scientific basis for the need for hydroponic feed production for livestock complexes, its advantages, cost-effectiveness indicators and ways to encourage hydroponic feed production. Keywords: livestock complexes, feed, hydroponics, cost-effectiveness, astrakhan cluster.

B.F.Sultanov - DSc, Professor, U.B.Mukhtarov - PhD, Senior lecturer “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The article conducts a study to determine the amount of fines for illegal use of irrigated agricultural land, i.e. for the use of irrigated lands for other purposes, for the protection, conservation of irrigated lands and preventing their use for other purposes. Key words: agricultural land, irrigated land, fines, quality indicator, land violations, standard crop yield, current assessment, profit margin, agricultural products, average annual price.

With the development of new innovative technologies, it is necessary to study the operating conditions of energy sources that can be used by consumers, their period of operation, the structure of which is in-depth. Extensive measures are being taken to reduce labor and energy consumption in agricultural production, save resources, grow crops on the basis of advanced technologies and develop high-efficiency environmentally friendly electrical devices. This article describes the role of greenhouses in the cultivation of agricultural products and the use of electrical methods to increase the productivity of their products, the components of electrical equipment and power sources involved in the process and the principles of their operation. Key words: Sweet pepper seedlings, lighting fixtures, quartz lamps, ultraviolet rays, Phyto lamps, greenhouse, land, food.

The article discusses the issues of control, accounting for the rational use of groundwater and methods for measuring the water level in the well. It is proposed to measure the water level using radio waves. This method can be used in difficult conditions, in particular at high pressure, at high temperatures without direct contact with the measured object. The problems of monitoring the groundwater level and analyzing the state of measurement are considered. Recommendations are given on instrumentation for level control, the creation and implementation of an automated observation system and an integrated analysis system using a remote data transmission module via GSM. A program for monitoring the water level in a well has been developed on the Arduino platform. A functional and structural diagram of an automated system for monitoring the state of groundwater has been developed and technical means of automation have been selected. The selected radio module type MX-RM-5V (433MNz), which transmits information in real time. Certificate (patent) No. DGU 117 24 dated May 19, 2021 was received for the development of the software "Groundwater level measurement method" Key words: groundwater monitoring, radar level gauge, data transmission via GSM, spectral analysis.

This article gives information about organizational and economic supports by the state for the development of fish farming. Moreover, proposals to improve the economic and organizational base for the development of intensive fish farming and mechanisms for its implementation were proposed. As well as, to create consulting centers separately for the regions was recommended in this paper.

This article discusses the mechanisms for improving the efficiency of the use of labor resources, ensuring their employment on the basis of improving the use of labor resources, increasing efficiency, based on the structural changes in the water system in the context of economic liberalization.

This article prepares proposals for the development of the livestock sector, analyzes the composition of pastures, as well as the role and effectiveness of the Karakul industry in pasture animal husbandry.

Crop diversity has an important role in sustainable agriculture. We calculated the diversification index based on the Simpson Diversity Index method while Tobit regression analysis was employed to assess the main determinants of crop diversification. The study revealed the mean computed Simpson Index values indicate that diversity index was found 0.76, 0.75, and 0.72 for Samarkand, Fergana and Tashkent regions, respectively. This implies that Samarkand region farmers shifted towards more diversification cropping patterns than other counterparts of the country. The overall result in the four states combined in this study reveals a mean Simpson Index within the sample of farmers was 0.66. This suggests that the farmers in the study areas were not too diversified in their cropping pattern. Moreover, the result of Tobit regression model indicated that various farm specific factors such as age, access to extension service, number of members in off-farm, availability of water pump and availability of machinery are found as significant determinants of crop diversity. We therefore conclude that crop diversification enhances availability of foods for the households and income of farmers. While cultivating several crop species also helps the farmers to manage both price and production risks which attains more food options for the household and income through marketing the produce from the surpluses. Therefore, the government needs to intensify the promotion of crop diversification in order to increase farm income and food security in the country.

The development of walnut production, which is in great demand in Uzbekistan, will allow some consumers to buy walnuts at relatively low prices, saving on transportation costs. In general, the organization of walnut cultivation in our country using the cluster method can be a solution to meet the needs of the processing industry in raw materials. Convenience of climatic conditions gives a great advantage in this direction. Key words: walnut production, world walnut trade, efficiency.

The research topic is marketing activity and sales market in agriculture. Uzbekistan was taken as a macrolevel object. For comparison, such large countries as the USA and Russia were considered. For a deeper study of the topic, analysis, statistics, grouping, comparison, and deduction were used as research methods. The study analyzes the current state of agriculture in Uzbekistan, the market for agricultural products. The conclusions give suggestions for increasing the volume of agricultural products through proper marketing and regulation of sales channels.

The COVID-19 lockdown measures in Uzbekistan disrupted the purchasing power of city residents as well as their food security. The ability to earn cash income is a significant determinant of urban food security, and perhaps the biggest challenge urban dwellers face under crisis times. This is because urban dwellers have limited options to produce own food and have to rely on city markets for access to food. This paper explores food accessibility and food availability in the three major cities of Uzbekistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data was collected in July 2020, via an on-line survey of 652 random city residents of Uzbekistan. The on-line survey was part of a bigger case study by the authors, entitled “Food security in cities of Uzbekistan in light of the COVID-19 crisis” [1]. The study reveals that changes in income due to the pandemic have increased the vulnerability of the city dwellers with regards to economic and physical access to major food items. The findings from the descriptive analysis indicates that urban consumers changed their food buying routines from bazaars to supermarkets, and small shops due to mobility restriction and food safety reasons. Most of the respondents across cities reported to be tapping in their savings to cover shortages in income to buy their main food items. As most survey respondents exhausted their savings, they resorted to buying fewer quantity of food and enjoyed lesser variety and portion of foods (shifting from expensive meat products to bread, cereals, eggs and vegetables). The findings confirm that physical, and the more so economic access to food is a vital factor for urban food security.

Article contains brief information about sustainability of agriculture under water scarcity under the climate change in Central Asia and impact assessment in the context of WEF nexus of Chirchik river basin located in Tashkent region. Purpose of the article is aimed at the efficient use of water resources for increasing food and energy production in Tashkent Region followed by proposing scenarios based on the current energy demand, industrialization potential and agricultural production for the region within a time horizon of 10 years.

Melon croрs really are imрortant croр in the agricultural system and food security of our country. However, in recent years there have been unresolved issues in the рrocess of growing, storing and weeding melons. This article is devoted to the factors that affect the cultivation of melons in farmsites and dehkan farms located in Zaamin and Zarbdor districts of Jizzakh region. The рroblems and exрeriences of farmers in the region, the socio-economic characteristics were studied on the bases of monograрh. The imрact of socio-economic factors on рroduction рroductivity was analyzed using a linear regression model. Research have shown that all fermers are male (100%), with the majority of them between the ages of 31 and 50 years. 50% of the resрondents had secondary education, the other 50% had secondary sрecial and higher education.

In the world computer industry, previously developed programs are being improved, and in our country, along with the developed countries of the world, there is a gradual transition to work on the basis of modern programs. ArcGIS software products based on the latest computer technologies meet all open standards, which allows them to be used in many practical areas and at different levels of work organization (individual, server and mobile). Key words. Modelbuilder, ArcGIS software, Data base.

The article substantiates the importance of research on food security risks. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this issue is considered, the level of food security of the urban population during the pandemic is analyzed. The existing risks that form food security threats are identified and proposals for their elimination are developed. Key words: risks, food security, COVID-19, threats, proposals, agro-industrial complex.

In Uzbekistan, land is more appropriate for cultivating fruits and vegetables. Since independence, the government of Uzbekistan has implemented a number of agricultural policies such as making some crucial structural reforms at the farms, comprising different institutions and enhancing diversification of agricultural production in order to stabilize on agricultural sector of the country. Therefore, crop diversity has an important role in sustainable agriculture. The main objective of the study is to analyze the degree and extent of crop diversification among farmers. We calculated the diversification index based on the Simpson Diversity Index method. The study revealed the mean computed Simpson Index values indicate that diversity index was found 0.59, 0.45, 0.56 and 0.62 for Andijan, Karakalpakstan, Kashkadarya and Tashkent regions, respectively. This implies that Tashkent region farmers shifted towards more diversification cropping patterns than other counterparts of the country. The overall result in the four states combined in this study reveals a mean Simpson Index within the sample of farmers was 0.56. This suggests that the farmers in the study areas were not too diversified in their cropping pattern. While cultivating several crop species also helps the farmers to manage both price and production risks which attains more food options for the household and income through marketing the produce from the surpluses. Key words: Crop diversification, Simpson Diversification Index, Cropping patterns, Uzbekistan.

Socio-economic and political processes and realities taking place in the world that pose a threat to it are the main factors that threaten food security in countries. This is reflected in the emergence of global economic, financial, agrarian crises, a reduction in international food markets and an increase in prices for them, on the one hand, and in the persistence of a trend towards a decrease in acreage of agricultural crops in the context of an increase in the world population and an intensification of the urbanization process, on the other. An increase in the production of dangerous products as a result of the widespread use of various antibiotics, hormones and similar components harmful to human health in the process of food production in order to generate high incomes on the world market in the context of global warming, globalization of the economy, the spread of plant pests and various dangerous viruses still further aggravates the problem. Key words: agrarian policy, agro-industrial complex, agrarian food sector, food security doctrine, food, food security, forecast, population, supply directions, agricultural products, strategy.

The problems and solutions of the introduction of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in the aquaculture sector are considered. Based on the analyzed experience of foreign countries and Russia, it was concluded that it is necessary to create a fishery cluster for the implementation of PPP projects by joint efforts. In addition, recommendations for the most effective implementation of PPP mechanisms were given. Key words: public-private partnership, aquaculture, small business, fishery complex, large enterprises, regional cluster.