A.Suvanov, B.Sultanov “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The development of beekeeping and the results of research, the role of the industry in ensuring the country's food security is determined. Deficiency of bee colonies on pollination of entomophilous crops negatively affects their productivity. This study gives some the solution to the problem. Keywords: food security, pollination, beekeeping development.

N.Usarova – master student of the National Research University “TIIAME” Abstract This article explores the potential avenues for improving the marketing system in Uzbekistan's agriculture sector. It sheds light on the importance of an efficient marketing system in promoting agricultural products, facilitating market access, and ensuring profitability for farmers. The article delves into key challenges faced by the current marketing system and proposes strategic approaches to address them effectively. Furthermore, the article examines the significance of infrastructure development, such as cold storage facilities and transportation networks, in ensuring the smooth flow of agricultural products from farms to markets. Additionally, the article explores the potential role of government policies and regulatory frameworks in supporting marketing system development. It emphasizes the need for policy reforms that encourage fair trade practices, incentivize market-oriented agriculture, and provide financial support for marketing infrastructure and capacity building initiatives. Keywords: agriculture, marketing, farmers, liberalization, digitalization, investments, export, standards, infrastructure, consumers, advertisement, branding, packaging.

A.Suvanov, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The study represents the analysis of the economic efficiency of production on example of regions of Uzbekistan. The current state of beekeeping as a comprehensive analysis of the current level of development of beekeeping was carried out, regional differences in the development trends and efficiency of the industry were considered, and the main factors affecting the efficiency of production and sale of beekeeping products were identified. Keywords: regional development, production of bee products, pollination.

I.Yunusov – PhD, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University Abstract This article highlights the conceptual foundations for the development of fisheries in conditions of limited water resources, and also substantiates the importance of developing conceptual approaches to the development and improvement of the efficiency of fisheries in the regions. Also, as a result of the study, a conceptual framework for the development and improvement of the efficiency of the fish farming industry was proposed, that is, the purpose of this conceptual approach was to focus on creating conditions for fisheries and increasing its economic efficiency; as a result, conclusions and proposals were developed. Keywords: conceptual foundations, fish farming industry, efficiency, state support, fish production, fish species, biological potential of water bodies, fish material, etc.

I.Yunusov - Associate professor of NRU "TIIAME", PhD. U.Sadullaev - Researcher of the International Center for Strategic Development and Research in Food and Agriculture, PhD. M.Yaxyayev - Teacher of NRU "TIIAME", PhD. Abstract The article discusses the use of market infrastructures in the system of production and sale of walnuts in our country, walnut types and conditions affecting their effective use.

A.Burkhanov - Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Gulistan State University Abstract At present, in New Uzbekistan, one of the main tasks of modernizing the country's economy is the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Agriculture remains the largest branch of the agro-industrial complex. Consequently, issues related to increasing the economic efficiency of agriculture in the conditions of market relations seem to be quite relevant. The need to improve the efficiency of agricultural production is associated with the constant increase in people's needs for high-quality and diverse products, and industry for agricultural raw materials. The economic efficiency of agricultural production is characterized by a system of indicators. In order to assess the economic efficiency of agriculture, specific indicators are used that reflect the influence of various factors on the production process. Agricultural production has a number of significant restrictions on its growth, but despite this, it seems possible to achieve an increase in the efficiency of the economy and management in this industry. The article deals with the problems in the development of agricultural production in the world market, as well as in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The trends in the formation of economic relations in foreign countries and the ways of improvement in the structure of the agro-industrial complex are considered. Key words: economy, agriculture, agro-industrial complex, scientific and technical progress, economic relations.

Abdurazakova N.M. - Associate Professor, Estekov A.U. - PhD student of “Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers "National Research University. Abstract The article discusses aspects of the development of export relations in Uzbekistan, balance indicators, circle of partners, geographical coverage of foreign economic activity. The issues of increasing the efficiency of foreign economic activity, enhancing the development of international transport corridors, digitalization of the logistics chain, reforms aimed at modernizing the country's transport and transit potential, increasing the capacity of roads and airports are also being considered. Key words: Uzbekistan, export, countries, partners, logistics, foreign trade, fruits, vegetables, transportation, logistics functions, cars, railway, containers, multi-module.

D.V. Nazaraliev - associate professor, J.S. Hamroqulov – doctoral student - “Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers "National Research University. Mkhanna Aaed - associate professor - Russian State Hydrometeorological Universit. Sh.Sh. Shoergashova – doctoral student, Sh.I. Ismoilov – student - “Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers "National Research University. Abstract In this article, which is formed in the territory of the republic of Uzbekistan flood flows, their description,which produced flooding that is formed of natural events, the event of flooding, spread of the term to track them, the number of dangerous regions studied his quotes from floods and flooding protection methods negative effects are briefly described. Keywords: floods, snow, the rain, the river, streams, lakes, forecasting, mountainous regions.

A.Nig’matov – senior teacher, D.Yulchiev – assistant, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze automatic protection and control measures at pump stations in the event of constant accumulation of groundwater and water dripping from the pump, leading to flooding in the pump station engine room. To prevent this, the pumping station’s machine room should monitor the level of groundwater and water leaks from the pump, and in a timely manner automatically remove excess water with a pump. The excess water is collected in special reservoirs. From these the ERSU series sensor which is based on a contact electrode controller does not allow it to constantly monitor the level in the storage tank within the required limits, therefore, as a completely automated system it is unstable, and does not have the ability to support the regulatory requirements for preventing it from starting one of its technical operations. The article discusses the positive aspects of technical solutions and experimental work in the DRV5023 IC with MSP430G2131 controller and no more than 2.7 mA consumer, NE555 IC based timer and pump mode, stable contactless sensor, sensor-based automatic monitoring and pumping system. The results are given. (12-17 seconds.) Preparation to start the pumping process is also a standard 4.7 V. power supply circuit. The work is based on production experience and is innovative.

A.Sh.Arifjanov - professor., A.A.Abdug‘aniyev - assistant., A.M.Nig‘matov - senior teacher., R.F.Yunusov – associate professor., “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract Uzbekistan is located in a semi-arid region with a hot dry arid climate and severe water scarcity. Irrigation of agricultural crops is carried out mainly by hand and in accordance with established traditional methods. The technical level of existing irrigation systems remains at a low level. Therefore, scientific and practical research aimed at saving the use of water in the irrigation process is becoming more and more relevant every year. Most water-saving technologies and irrigation systems in agriculture are very expensive, which makes it impossible to implement this type of system in small farms. Water savings can be achieved by the widespread use of intelligent irrigation technologies. Smart irrigation technology uses soil moisture and weather data to determine crop irrigation needs. In this paper, the issues of using internet technology to automate the control of the irrigation process by monitoring and analyzing the state of soil moisture and weather conditions are considered. By controlling soil moisture levels, the smart irrigation system allows farmers to automate irrigation processes and reduce water consumption. Keywords: Internet of Things, smart water, real-time, Thing speak, Wi-Fi network.

Аbdullaeva D.А., assistant, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract Due to the lack of fodder base in agriculture, especially in animal husbandry, it became necessary to use various other methods for growing and further providing it. One of these systems is more optimal hydroponic system of growing green fodder indoors. Due to the fact that in hydroponic technology the root system in the production of green fodder is the main part, for its fruitful development, systems for the use of irrigation automation were considered: a system of drip and aeroponic irrigation systems, as well as automation tools, namely the operation of a timer (electronic time relay), which are used when the pump is running with a time delay. Key words: hydroponic method, green fodder, root system, types of plant watering, automation equipment, timers (electronic time relay).

Ismailov Mirkhalil professor, Ozodov Ezozbek PhD “Tashkent institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The world's population continues to grow, putting a strain on our natural resources, including freshwater. As a result, many coastal regions are turning to saltwater purification as a solution to their water scarcity problems. However, the process of purifying saltwater is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to mixing salt water with clean water in the correct proportions. Water scarcity is a global issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Desalination is a process that can provide a solution to this problem by converting saltwater into clean water for drinking and irrigation. Possibility of using salt water for irrigation lowing strain on pure water resources and saving them for other more important spheres. However, the process of mixing saltwater and clean water is a complex and challenging task that requires precise control and monitoring. This is where an automatic control system for saltwater mixing can play a crucial role. This article discusses the development of an automatic decision-making system for a device aimed at reducing the level of mineralization by diffusion mixing. The article aimed at disclosing the issue of preserving the specified volume of salinity of the structure by automatically controlling the salt concentration and the level of irrigation water salinity. The article presents a mathematical justification, models of technological process control, technical implementation of the control concept and research results of active experiments. Key words: automation, irrigation, water treatment, programming, electronics, automatic control, mathematic model.

Kuchkarova Dilarom - professor of the National Research University “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” DSc, Ismatov Bakhtiyor PhD student of the “Tashkent institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, Suyunov Shakhzod – master student of the “Tashkent institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This article describes the application of modeling methods to the process’s drawing up a project drawing’s hydrotechnical structures connected to the topographic surface, the use of modern computer graphics programs and the creation of new computer technology algorithms. In this article, several variants of the project drawing of the dam, which is one of the hydrotechnical structures, are drawn. On the example of the dam project drawing, simplified variants of existing drawing rules are shown, as well as are given methods of choosing the most optimal variant from several variants of the created project drawing. The proposed algorithms are developed in accordance with modern programming languages Key words: Geometric modeling, mathematical modeling, topographic surface, spline methods, slope planes, drawing algorithms, artificial and natural horizontals.

Kalandarov P.I. Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the National Research University "Tashkent Institute of Engineers of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization" Khayitov A. N Accictent Bukhara Institute of Natural Resource Management of the National Research University "TIIAME" Abstract "The article is the result of a logical continuation of a previously conducted study dedicated to the automation system of grain processing and the practical applicability of statistical methods for assessing the conformity of the produced products. The options for applying the stages of automation of grain processing in technological process management are analyzed. The article discusses problems associated with the application of the automation system for grain processing, which demonstrate significant improvement in the production process and productivity, and conclusions are drawn that automation of grain processing is a necessary step to improve productivity, quality, and production efficiency." Keywords: automation, grain products, management, technological process, production process control, stages of automation of grain processing.

M.Rajapboev – senior teacher, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, Department of “Geodesy and Geoinformatics”, N.Teshaev – Assistant Professor, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, Department of “Geodesy and Geoinformatics” Abstract This article presents about the refractive index which is equal to the speed of a specific wavelength of light in vacuum space divided by that same wavelength's speed in an object. This contribution focuses on geodetic sensor systems and sensor networks for positioning and applications. The key problems in this area will be addressed together with an overview of applications. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a central role in many applications like engineering, mapping and remote sensing. Key words: refraction, geodetic observations, air temperature, the length of line.

Rajapboev Maqsud Xallievich – head teacher, in "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Department of “Geodesy and Geoinformatics”, Teshaev Nozimjon Nusratovich – Assistant Professor in "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Department of “Geodesy and Geoinformatics”, Yoqubov Jamshid Yoqub o’g’li – Bachelor student in "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Department of “Geodesy and Geoinformatics” Abstract Terrestrial geodetic techniques observe the Earth surface and its changes, sea level, gravity field and the height by sensors on or near to the Earth surface. Such terrestrial techniques are: Tide Gauge measurements to measure sea surface heights at the coast. Absolute and relative gravity measurements on ground. The article analyzes the issues of programming methods for geodetic observations of precipitation and horizontal displacements of engineering structures, which, despite the noted features, are used in the study and forecasting of the state of structures during their operation. In the article questions of methods of programming of geodetic observations of precipitation and horizontal displacements of engineering structures are analyzed, which, despite the noted features, find application in studying and forecasting the state of structures in the process of their operation. Key words: precipitation observations, engineering structures, construction forecasting, programming, geodetic observations.

A.N. Jumanov - “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract Geographic information systems serve as an essential integration component of precision farming solutions. Land use has generally been considered a local environmental issue, but it is becoming a force of global importance. Worldwide changes to forests, farmlands, waterways, and air are being driven by the need to provide food, fiber, water, and shelter to more than six billion people. Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. Such changes in land use have enabled humans to appropriate an increasing share of the planet’s resources, but they also potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases. We face the challenge of managing trade-offs between immediate human needs and maintaining the capacity of the biosphere to provide goods and services in the long term. Keywords: Land, Remote Sensing, Yield mapping, Fertilizer, Precision Agriculture; agricultural land; ArcGIS.

T.Shavazov – Assistant teacher in Geodesy and Geoinformatics department, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, A.Ashurov - Senior teacher of “State cadastre” department, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, J.Yoqubov – BSc student, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract The melting of glaciers is a clear indication of global warming, which is caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This phenomenon has far-reaching consequences for our planet, including rising sea levels, changes in ocean currents, and altered weather patterns. It is crucial that we take immediate action to reduce our carbon footprint and prevent further damage to our planet's delicate ecosystems. The Pamir mountains range, located in Central Asia, is known for its vast glaciers that provide crucial water resources to the surrounding countries. However, due to global warming and other environmental factors, the glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. This has led to concerns about the impact on the ecosystem, as well as the availability of freshwater for human consumption and agricultural purposes. Remote sensing technologies have emerged as an essential tool for analyzing the melting of glaciers in the Pamir mountains range. Remote sensing technologies involve using instruments such as satellites, aircraft, and drones to gather data on various aspects of the earth's surface. These technologies can provide valuable information on glacier extent and thickness, changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, and other parameters that affect glacier melt. By analyzing this data over time, researchers can gain insights into how glaciers are changing and what factors are driving this change. Keywords: Central Asia, Global change, Remote Sensing, Google Earth Pro.

Azamat Jumanov – PhD, Sh.Daminova – student of “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University Abstract This study analyzes soil sealing and its repercussions in the loss of fertile soils, which are more appropriate for agriculture use. Also, soil sealing increases flood risk. The main objective is to estimate soil loss by sealing in the Yakkabog River Basin (Kashkadarya, Uzbekistan) between 2010 and 2020. The combination of digital processing (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), principal components and convolution filters) of satellite imagery with the digital terrain model helps to detect risk areas and allows quick updating of sealed soil mapping. The supervised classifications of the images were used to estimate the actual soil loss by sealing in the Yakkabog River Basin and the types and agrologic classes that have been lost. Soil loss occurs to a greater extent in highly permeable soils (sands) and in the most fertile soils. The main sealed soil associations are luvisols (alfisols), regosols (entisols) and cambisols (inceptisols). Keywords: soil erosion, impact, remote sensing, Kashkadarya.

Rozikulova Oykhumor Shermamatovna - Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers National research university, Associate Professor of Geodesy and GIS department. Teshaev Nozimjon Nusratovich – Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers National research university, assistant professor of Geodesy and GIS department. Abstract This article aims to investigate the correlation between land surface temperature (LST) predictions derived from POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources) data and the actual measurements obtained from meteorological stations in the Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan. The study focuses on LST 2 meters above the land surface and examines the predictive accuracy for maximum daily temperature and minimum temperature. Through a comprehensive analysis, high correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.81 are observed for maximum daily temperature and minimum temperature, respectively. This research provides valuable insights into the utility of remote sensing data for LST prediction and establishes the potential for improving temperature assessments in the Jizzakh region. Keywords : land surface temperature, POWER data, meteorological station data, Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan, correlation, prediction, remote sensing.