The article analyzes the growth and export of olericultural products in Spain. It is possible to get acquainted with the problems faced by growers in the cultivation of olericultural products and get information about the general state of the industry. Some of the best practices in the Spanish olericultural industry have been recommended for use in Uzbekistan. Key words: olericulture, irrigated agriculture, organic products, climate change, drought, exports, digital marketing.

The article discusses theoretical views, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of the study, improvement of the mechanism for financing the transfer of innovations to small business, innovative technologies, their commercialization and the impact of costs on innovation on long-term economic growth, as well as the results of a comparative analysis. Key words: innovative technologies, commercialization, innovation transfer, sustainable economic growth, econometric analysis, research (R), global innovation index, innovation activity.

This article presents development challenges of vegetable and fruit production sector in Uzbekistan. The governmental sector reforms, labour resources, price formation, import and export activities have been the object of the study in this article. The paper reviews several problems with developed support system and further development of fruit and vegetable production in Uzbekistan. The paper is aimed to describe the main problems and challenges and suggest their possible solutions. Key words: Vegetable and fruit production, labor resources, price formation, import and export activities.

In this article, issues of developing language proficiency through interactions embedded in meaningful contexts are considered. This approach to teaching provides authentic opportunities for learning that go beyond repetition and memorization of grammatical patterns in isolation. The fact that psycho-pedagogical and psycholinguistic message calls speech production skills in language teaching methods qualify as speech skills. Their methodical in tradition can be divided into regulatory and communication skills. A central concept of the communicative approach to language teaching is communicative competence: the learner’s ability to understand and use language appropriately to communicate in authentic (rather than simulated) social and school environments. Therefore, this article is devoted to reveal the mechanism of interdependence and relationships between the elements of the triad language – thinking – speech, the use of the term speech production skills in methods of teaching the English language. Key words: communicative competence, types of speech, interpret, language material, knowledge gap, problem-solving, socialization, proficiency, sketches, psycholinguistic, production skills, communication.

The article discusses the importance of Big Data technology and the opportunities for their use in higher education at the current stage of growth. In LMS, we can get the student's evaluation of the learning process, engagement in science, timely completion of science assignments, active status in the classroom, and other data through Bid data technology. In LMS, algorithms and data processing approaches are presented using Big Data technology. The LMS lists data mining applications. Key words: Learning Management System (LMS), e-learning, big data, big data analysis (Data mining), Educational Data Mining (EDM), forecasting.

Aquatic ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services and thus highly valuable for the livelihoods of people and sustainable development. This study aims to examine hydrochemical variables and macrophytes in one of the important wetlands in eastern Nepal ‘Betana Lake’. Water samples were collected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), free CO2, and major ions including total hardness were analyzed to characterize the water quality of the lake. In addition, macrophytes found in the lake were also collected and identified. The results exhibited that the dominance order of chemical variables in terms of mean values (mg/ L) in the Betana Lake were Cl- > TA > NH4+ > PO43- >NO3 - , and TA > Cl- > NH4+ > NO3- > PO43- during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively with relatively higher concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- in post monsoon season. The low pH, alkalinity, and high value of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the post-monsoon season in the lake were related to the lower dominancy of submerged and floating macrophytes. In the lake, altogether 42 species of macrophytes (emergent, submerged, free-floating, and rooted) were reported. An invasive species Eichhornia crassipes, submerged Hydrilla verticillata and Ceretophyllum submersum were the ecologically significant macrophytes in the lake. The abundance of these species with other submerged and floating species in the lake is due to eutrophication, high silt load and sedimentation, and human encroachment. The higher dominancy of emergent macrophytes in the post-monsoon season indicated that higher nutrients content (PO43-, NO3-, and NH4+) and total dissolved solids (TDS). Due to the promotion of the lake site as an eco-touristic area, anthropic activities could further deteriorate the lake water quality and biodiversity. Therefore, periodic evaluations of hydrochemical parameters with macrophytes are required for the maintenance and long-term protection of the Betana wetland. Key words: Hydrochemical parameter, Macrophytes, wetland conservation, water quality, Betana Lake.

Starting from the early years of the Post-Soviet Union, wheat is considered one of the major crops in Central Asia, being a central point of many policy discussions. Wheat was the second crop occupied agricultural land which is the most important cereal crop. Recent years have witnessed growing negative climate variability that has impacted agricultural production by effecting soil fertility, water scarcity, or causing wheat diseases. The goal of this paper is to examine by reviewing the recent literature related to the impact of climate variability on wheat production in Central Asia. Different agronomic and economic methodology, also, approaches used to analyze Climate Change’s negative impacts. The review results show that there are adaptive recommendations by researchers. Agricultural policy actions are one of the main leaders to enhance adaption and mitigation. Also, continuing agricultural researches could be key for opening new doors of solutions. Key words: Agriculture, winter wheat, productivity, climate change

Rapid industrialization and population growth bring forward to use heavy metals in the environment and food chain. Discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater having these toxic metals even cause more problems to water bodies and human health. Distribution of adsorbate molecules between the solid and liquid at equilibrium can be studied by adsorption isotherm models (Tella et al., 2014). Equilibrium is when concentration of adsorbate in solution is in balance with on the liquid adsorbate interface. The results show that Cr(VI) removal rate increased with adsorbent dosage till it reached equilibrium. Contact time also indicate efficiency within 60 to 70 minutes. Under certain conditions chromium hexavalent can be reduced to less toxic states in the soil by natural attenuation. Relying on this natural attenuation chromium contaminated sites can be remediated with less expense. If this method is applied, then what natural reductants are available within the aquifer should also be thoroughly studied. Reducing capacity should not prevail oxidation capacity. To study Cr (VI) reducing capacity of the aquifer by mass balances when relying on the aqueous concentrations from monitoring wells, the network must be sufficiently dense to estimate the correct Cr(VI). Key words: Natural attenuation, food chain, heavy metals, toxic metals, adsorbent dose, adsorption isotherm, groundwater and soils.

The Pskem River (mean annual flow rate 79.6 m3/s) is one of the biggest tributaries of The Chirchik River. The Chirchik River is the biggest right tributary of The Sirdarya River in the territory of Uzbekistan. On the basis of long-term data from hydrological and station (The Pskem River, at hydrological station Mullala, 85 years of observation), long-term fluctuations was evaluated in terms of watery of the year i.e. how changes mean annual flow rate from year to year. The data set of statistical characteristics and their standard errors are estimated, for average flow rates statistical error does not exceed 2.5 %, for the coefficient of variation; the error does not exceed 6 %. To describe long-term fluctuations in water content for a given period method of normalized values appied. Key words: The Pskem River, The Chirchik River, hydrology, long-term fluctuations, average flow rate.

The article points out the need to attract foreign investment to the economy of Uzbekistan. Favorable conditions created for foreign investors are highlighted. Opinions are given on the solution of some of the problems that hinder the increase in investment. Key words. Investments, foreign investors, investment climate, investment attractiveness, investment projects, centralized investments.